| California (IPA: /?kæl?'f?rnj?/) is
a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific
Ocean. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to
the southeast, and on the south by the Mexican state of Baja California.
California is the most populous U.S. state. Its four largest cities are
Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco. It is known for its
varied climate and geography as well as its diverse population.
The area known as Alta California was colonized by the Spanish Empire
beginning in the late 18th century. It and the rest of Mexico became an
independent republic in 1821. In 1846 California broke away from Mexico,
and after the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded California to the United
States. California was admitted to the United States on September 9, 1850.
It is the third-largest U.S. state by land area. Its geography ranges
from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, to
Mojave desert areas in the southeast and the Redwood-Douglas fir forests
of the northwest. The center of the state is dominated by the Central
Valley, one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world.
The California Gold Rush (1848-1855) dramatically changed California
with a large influx of people and an economic boom. The early 20th century
was marked by Los Angeles becoming the center of the entertainment industry,
in addition to the growth of a large tourism sector in the state. Along
with California's prosperous agricultural industry, other industries include
aerospace, petroleum, and computer and information technology. California
ranks amongst the ten largest economies in the world, and were it a separate
country, it would be 35th among the most populous countries, just behind
Kenya.
By 2007, California's population is estimated at 36,553,215, making it
the most populated state and the 13th fastest-growing state. This includes
a natural increase since the last census of 1,909,368 people (that is
3,375,297 births minus 1,465,929 deaths) and an increase due to net migration
of 774,198 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United
States resulted in a net increase of 1,724,790 people, and migration within
the country produced a net decrease of 950,592.
California is the second most populous state of the Americas, exceeded
only by São Paulo State, Brazil. More than 12 percent of U.S.
citizens live in California and its population is greater than that of
all but 34 countries of the world.
California has eight of the top 50 U.S. cities in terms of population.
Los Angeles is the nation's second-largest city with a population of 3,849,378
people, followed by San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), San Francisco (14th),
Long Beach (34th), Fresno (36th), Sacramento (37th) and Oakland (44th).
Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous county for decades
and is more populous than 42 U.S. states.
The center of population of California is at the town of Buttonwillow
in Kern County.
Info provided by Wikipedia
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